• About

savagemythology

~ Adventures In the World

savagemythology

Tag Archives: travel

Reflections on Sicilia

09 Saturday Apr 2016

Posted by savagemythology in Uncategorized

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Italy, Sicilia, Sicily, travel

5 April, 2016

On the road to Messina

Today we bid farewell to the island of Sicilia and Isabella, our lovely guide of the past two weeks. From our group of sixteen, nine of us are continuing on a smaller bus across the strait of Messina to the mainland and eight days tour of Calabria and the south-west of Italy.

This journey so far has been very educational and informative, as well as being a good time with my traveling companions. Previous to this, I have never been a part of a group tour, and I am finding my experience very pleasant. Overseas Adventure Travel has a good philosophy of touring, with small groups staying in places off of the typical touristic path. Our “discoveries” every day or two are all about things and places of local interest chosen by the guide as something that they think suit the group. These have been some of the most interesting parts of the visit – the puppet theatre in Palermo, learning the process of molding and decorating marzipan in Erice, a visit to a refugee center for African boys in Ragusa. Along with the regular ininerary we have been shown pieces of the real life in Sicilia beyond the touristic attractions.

The group itself has been an enjoyable experience as well. I am by far the youngest, but I am with people from all over the US who are all well seasoned travellers. I have most enjoyed the meals together talking about more than who we are, but where we have been and our impressions and experiences of different places around the world. Despite our varied backgrounds in life, we are truly a group of world citizens.

I came to Sicilia not having studied or researched anything other than the expected weather. The main thing that I brought with me was an open mind and desire to learn about another new place. As I am headed towards the ferry to Italia, I take with me many things. I have been surprised at not only how mountainour this island is, but also how steem the mountains are. Most of all I am very surprised about how varied the people are from one side of this small island to the other. This is a result of the different civilizations that have conquered and settled here. Earthquakes and war have destroyed many of the cities at various times in the past, so the architectural history is mostly that of the Baroque period from the 18th century. It is the cultural heritage here that I find the most important part of Sicilia. Much like the Scots in Britain, these are a people proud of their heritage and identity. They are Sicilian first, and Italian second.

Nearing the port now in the city of Messina, we will make the two miles crossing in around 30 minutes according to our new Leader, Cesare. I say grazie Sicilia, One day I may return to the slopes of Etna, but one never knows what the future will hold. I will give you one secret as I leave – if you come to find the beautiful Sicilian women, the best are in Catania!

Arrivederci!

Momma Etna

09 Saturday Apr 2016

Posted by savagemythology in Uncategorized

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Italy, Mt Etna, Sicilia, Sicily, travel

Etna0003

8 April, 2016

Looking Back at Etna

Driving up the Tyrannean coast in Calabria we continue to move further north away from Sicilia. On the two hours drive I think it is time to take a look at the last day in Sicilia and our visit to the volcano they call Mamma

On Monday in Catania we loaded into the large bus one last time and headed onto the motorway heading north. Near Giarre we headed away from the coast and up the valley towards the volcano. In Catania and along the eastern shore of Sicilia they call her “Mamma Etna” because she is the source of the fertile soils of the area. A shield volcano, she is not prone to violent and explosive eruptions. The summit continuously produces plumes of white steam, occasionally punctuated with a billowing cloud of black smoke from small explosions from the caldera. When she does erupt, it is usually from a smaller side vent that produce massive flows of lava. It is the area of the most recent flow that we visited on the north side of the mountain.

On our way up the mountain we stopped at a cafe/inn for a quick cappuccino. There are many of these places around the mountain allowing a hiker to make a trek of a week or more around the entire volcano.

Etna0008

Etna0002

Etna0013
Etna0015
Etna0018

Etna0011

Reaching the treeline and end of the flow from the eruption of 2002. There are several small gift shops here for tourists in the summer and skiers in the winter months. I knew about the skiing before we got to the mountain, but the ski lift over fields of jagged black lava still seemed out of place to this Rocky Mountain boy. Isabella said that in the winter this area gets two meters or more of snow. We hiked to see the remains of a hotel that was buried by the lava. All that is visible is the concrete structure of the roof.

Etna0012

Etna0007

As with many places on this tour, the stay seemed to quick, but such is the way with as busy of an itinerary as we have had. I tried to take in the environment with all of my senses – the sound of the wind through the trees, the smell of the forested air, the majestic summit that has towered over eastern Sicilia for millennia, and the shattered lava rock crunching under my feet as I walked the path. I gathered a few larger pieces for myself and a bag of smaller shatter to take home with me as a remembrance of this legendary mountain.

Etna0017

Etna0016

Etna0014
Etna0010
Etna0005

src=”https://savagemythology.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/etna0004.jpg” alt=”Etna0004″ width=”600″ height=”450″ />

One day if I return to Catania I will visit the mountain again and perhaps hike the trail around Mamma and get to know her energy better. For now, the introduction was enough to make this place real and a part of my world experience.

Arrivederci!

Catania & Taormina

07 Thursday Apr 2016

Posted by savagemythology in Uncategorized

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Catania, Italy, Sicilia, Sicily, Taormina, travel

Taormina0001

4 April, 2016

Catania, Sicilia

Continuing to fill in the last few days, we reach Catania. The largest city in Sicilia, there are nearly one million inhabitants here. I believe that the highlight of the city for me was dinner the second night enjoying polpetta – Sicilian meatballs. We ate at the same restaurant our first night in town, and it was so good that after seeing the last night of an exhibit of Marc Chagall’s artwork, several of us decided to return. The first night I had beef meatballs with cheese and onion filling, and it was quite delicious. The second night I tried beef meatballs with Gorgonzola cheese sauce, and it was amazing. I’ve had some good meals here in Sicilia, but this dish might have been among the best ever.

Taormina0005
Taormina0006

In the morning we had gone to a WWII museum about the allied invasion of the island that was the start of the fall of Mussolini. Its very well planned out and executed displays show the history of the movements and battles, and they have a thorough collection of uniforms and equipment from all of the major armies involve in the conflict.

Taormina0007

Continuing back to the city center, we embarked on a brief walking tour, briefly visiting the Duomo. Being there on a Sunday, we were only able to visit the side aisles of the nave as there was a mass going on. This is often a mixed experience I have found. Photos are often discouraged, and access is limited. The caveat is seeing the used for its purpose – filled with the sounds of the chanting of the priests, and music of the organ. Sometimes these are my favorite experiences, and I often make an effort to attend a mass whenever possible.

Taormina0002
Taormina0004
Taormina0003
Taormina0008
Taormina0009

From the Duomo we made a quick stop at the Greco-Roman Theatre before having a quick lunch and departing up the coast to Taormina. This tiny village is perched on a promontory above the Ionian Sea. With history reaching back to the Grecian domination of the Mediterranean, it was once a strategic and very easily defended position with an Arab Castle perched high above the town on ground that looked to be practically impenetrable with medieval means. Today Taormina is a well preserved tourist destination. The theatre is the main highlight of this town for me. It is well preserved and maintained, but is a crowded tourist destination. Beyond that, I will let the pictures say enough.

Taormina0010

Taormina0013
Taormina0011
Taormina0012

Taormina0020

Taormina0021
Taormina0014
Taormina0016
Taormina0015

Taormina0025

Taormina0024

Taormina0018
Taormina0019
Taormina0017

Taormina0022

Taormina0023

Arrivederci!

Syracusa

07 Thursday Apr 2016

Posted by savagemythology in Uncategorized

≈ 3 Comments

Tags

Italy, Sicilia, Sicily, Syracusa, Syracuse, travel

Syracusa0020

4 April, 2016

Catania, Sicilia

The last day of this two weeks in Sicilia is here and I am on the bus heading north to spend a few hours hiking on the slopes of “Mamma” Etna.

Syracusa0019

Syracusa0005
Syracusa0004

Syracusa0001

Syracusa0003
Syracusa0002
Syracusa0011
Syracusa0012
Syracusa0006

To recount the past few days, we left Ragusa Saturday morning and headed for Catania by way of Syracusa. We had a walking tour of the old part, called Ortegia. Like Ragusa, and Catania where we have stayed on the last stop of the tour, Syracusa was largely destroyed in the earthquake of 1693 and was rebuilt in the 18th century Baroque style. One fascinating exception is the Duomo. This was in its first incarnation a Greek Temple of Athena. It was spared destruction by the Romans, and was transformed into a Christian church by the Byzantines by filling between the columns with walls. During the Arab domination the building became a mosque, and was returned to being a church by the Normans when they reclaimed Sicilia for Christianity. The Normans carved arches into the inner walls of the Green sanctuary and added height to the upper walls of the nave and a timber trussed toof giving the familiar plan similar to the French Romanesque of their homeland. The apse was added in the Gothic period. Having survived the earthquake at the end of the 17th century, a Baroque facade was built on the west end of the nave. I found it quite interesting to see all of these periods of sacred architecture in a building that has been continuously used as a temple for over 2500 years.

Syracusa0013

Syracusa0008
Syracusa0010
Syracusa0007
Syracusa0009
Syracusa0014
Syracusa0015
Syracusa0016
Syracusa0017
Syracusa0018

Arrivederci!

Valley of the Temples

01 Friday Apr 2016

Posted by savagemythology in Uncategorized

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

Agrigento, Agritourisme, Greek Temples, Italy, Sicily, travel

Agrigento0002

29 March, 2016

Agrigento to Piazza Amerina

There are lots of pictures and not as many words for this post, as I am falling behind in the journal.  Our days have been very busy and full, leaving little time at the end of the night to sort through the images and write about what we have done.  I’ve been trying to write a bit on the bus, and have notes about many things, but the pictures require a discipline that I just haven’t had the last few days.  I wanted to make this post this morning, but found that I hadn’t done any more than to just unload the camera onto the computer.  I took the computer on the bus and sorted through probably 450 pics of the last three days, so there should be two more entries following shortly.

Agrigento0009
Agrigento0010

The day was a total of nearly three hours on the bus as we moved from the west to the south-east of Sicily, a journey of around 150 km. The main point of the day was the Valley of the Temples at Agrigento. I found it fascinating to visit the site. Just the fact that these temples have been here for 2700 years is astounding. We had a guide to the site that quite reminded me of Dr. Zari Hawass, former head of antiquities in Egypt. He was very knowledgeable about the history of the site, both ancient and modern.

Agrigento0005

Agrigento0008
Agrigento0007
Agrigento0001
Agrigento0004
Agrigento0003
Agrigento0006

The temples sit on a flat hill to the south of the modern town that is naturally defended by cliffs and natural stone walls. In the 6th century ce, the Christians of the era excavated tombs into the ancient walls. The Temples date to the 6th century bce. There are four major temples here, as well as foundation ruins of Greek, and later Roman structures. The Temple of Concord is the largest and best preserved outside of the Acropolis in Athens.

Agrigento0011

Agrigento0015
Agrigento0016
Agrigento0013

 

Agrigento0012

Rather than try to recant everything that I learned  in some form of misremembered history lesson, I will refer you to the Wikipedia for a more thorough examination of the site.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valle_dei_Templi

Agrigento0018
Agrigento0017

Leaving Agrigento, we were on the bus for a half hour to our overnight stay at an agritourisme called Vecchio Amarina. Described as a farmhouse, and historically it once was the center of a large farm, the restored buildings and barns are a four star resort. We enjoyed a tremendous meal in the restaurant that many agreed was the best meal of the trip so far. It is so nice, in fact, that when we left the next morning, my coat decided to stay another two nights and will be joining me when the next OAT tour group reaches Ragusa tomorrow (Friday).

Agrigento0022
Agrigento0021
Agrigento0020

Agrigento0019

Agrigento0023
Agrigento0024
Agrigento0025
Agrigento0028
Agrigento0027
Agrigento0026

Masseria0005

Masseria0002
Masseria0004
Masseria0001
Masseria0006
Masseria0008
Masseria0007

Masseria0003

Arrivederci!

Marsala & Mozya

30 Wednesday Mar 2016

Posted by savagemythology in Uncategorized

≈ 2 Comments

Tags

Italy, Marsala, Mozya, Phonecian, Sicliy, travel

Mars&Moz0015

28 March, 2016

Marsala, Sicily

Today we left the hotel early heading for a busy day in Marsala on the west coast of Sicily. Our itinerary covered a winery, salt flat, and an island in the Marsala lagoon where excavations have revealed a Phoenician city.

Mars&Moz0003

Not having much interest in alcohol, I paid little attention to the tour and lingered at the back of the group taking pictures of the various parts of the facility. Being the day after Easter, it was a holiday and everything, including the winery, was closed. This meant that there were no people other than our small group in the facility. The variety of shapes and dim lighting provided a splendid opportunity to study through the lens my favorite subject – composition of light and line.

Mars&Moz0010

Mars&Moz0006
Mars&Moz0002
Mars&Moz0001
Mars&Moz0005
Mars&Moz0011
Mars&Moz0012

Mars&Moz0008

On our way to the island of Mozya, we stopped at the salt flat museum where the boats are docked and learned about the traditional method of extracting salt from the Mediterranean water. Using a combination of sun and wind, the water progresses through a series of ponds that increase the concentration of the brine until the last stage precipitates the salt crystals into a six inch layer in the pan.

Mars&Moz0016

Mars&Moz0017
Mars&Moz0014
Mars&Moz0013
Mars&Moz0018

The lagoon at Marsala is just under two meters depth, and in ancient times there was a road on a causeway allowing access. Today, due to rising sea level, it is 40-50 cm under water. In the early 20th century, a local salt merchant suspecting that there was something to be found began private excavations after purchasing the island. His teams made the first discoveries of the ancient Phoenician city. Today there is a growing collection of found artifacts in a museum that was once his house. The centerpiece is the marble statue called the Youth of Mozya It is somewhat out of place in a Punic province, as it is Hellenistic period of ancient Greece. It shows the exquisite understanding of the human form and controposto – carrying it’s weight in a realistic and pleasing manner – as well as handling the draping of the cloth tunic. These are aspects of sculpture that were lost in the dark ages following the fall of the Roman Empire. There are many gravestones – stele – and artifacts from the necropolis, as well as pottery and other ceramic items found in the various temples and industrial sites around the 45 acre island. Following a very nice picnic lunch (four star, as the majority of meals on this tour have been) we walked to view an excavation at the south-east of the island. Once thought to have been a shipbuilding center with a dry dock, it has recently been discovered that it was a holy site with a large temple of Ba’al and the square basin (constructed to the proportions of the golden ratio – 1:1.618) was actually a spring fed sacred pool.

Mars&Moz0024

Mars&Moz0032

Mars&Moz0028
Mars&Moz0031
Mars&Moz0023
Mars&Moz0025
Mars&Moz0026
Mars&Moz0027
Mars&Moz0030
Mars&Moz0037
Mars&Moz0036
Mars&Moz0035
Mars&Moz0034
Mars&Moz0033

The winter has passed here in Sicilia, and all around flowers are starting to bloom, the hillsides covered in an ever growing explosion of yellow, with purples and reds interspersed here and there.

Mars&Moz0039
Mars&Moz0038
Mars&Moz0022
Mars&Moz0021

The bus is nearing today’s destination, the ancient Greek temples of Agrigento. So, I will leave you until next time.

Mars&Moz0040

Arrivederci!

Mars&Moz0029

Mazara & Kasbah

28 Monday Mar 2016

Posted by savagemythology in Uncategorized

≈ 2 Comments

Tags

Dancing Satyr, Easter, Italy, Mazara, Sicily, travel

Mazara0001

28 March 2016

Mazara, Sicily

Easter Sunday found us in the town of Mazara on the southwest coast. Only 200 km from the north shore of Africa, there is a clear Arab influence in the architecture. There is also a large Tanzanian immigrant population here, situated primarily in the old quarter of the city of 20,000. Following the earthquake of 1964 the immigrants we offered to buy property cheaply if they would restore and live there. Today it is a thriving community known as Kasbah.

Mazara0004

Mazara0009
Mazara0004
Mazara0005
Mazara0003

Mazara0008

Arriving in the Cathedral Square, our guide Isabella explained to us more of the history of the blending of the Sicilian and Tanzanian cultures as we waited for the Easter procession. The piazza filled with several hundred people waiting for the arrival of the effigies of Mother Mary and the resurrected Christ. Shortly a small girl in angel’s costume with a placard reading “l’aurora” (the light) came through on a horse. The cathedral bells began ringing to announce the rebirth of the savior, and the effigy of Christ appeared through a smoke filled archway atop a bier carried by hooded men. As with the Holy Thursday vigils, and Good Friday processions, it is a treat to be here and see these rituals. Today the church may not have the same place society that is once did, but the traditions that date back hundreds of years.

This slideshow requires JavaScript.

From the procession in the square we went to see the Museum of the Dancing Satyr. This 2500 year old Greek bronze was pulled up from the seabed in the nets of fishermen in 1998. A leg had been previously found, and it was suspected that a statue was hidden in the deep. There was much elation and disbelief on the fishing vessel when the satyr emerged from the sea. Today it is displayed in an old church re-purposed as a museum. In addition to the statue, there are several ancient vases and more more modern canon that were reclaimed from the sea.

Mazara0017

Mazara0015
Mazara0014

Mazara0016

We made a quick visit with our leader to a 19th century theatre that was unannounced on the day’s itinerary. Such asides are called a “discovery” by Isabella, and are special things that she has found in previous visits that are a look into parts of Sicilian life that most people and other groups would never know about or have the opportunity to see. The puppet theatre in Palermo and marzipan kitchen in Erice were such discoveries that are proving to be some of the most memorable parts of our days here.

Mazara0020
Mazara0021

This “peoples theatre” was built by local shipwrights, and the techniques are evident in the wooden trusses and planking of the ceiling and stalls. The stage was fairly bare as the current production has a very minimal set of a few white flats providing masking for entrances and perhaps screens for shadow mime. With my background in production and the stage, I found this to be a special discovery in the day. Unused and closed up for many years the upholstery was new, but the triomphe de l’oile painting in the house and proscenium arch appeared to be original. This is called a people’s theatre because there is no royal or noble box in the gallery, the only distinction being that between the two levels of galleries and the grounding stalls on the floor. It is also very apparent in the simplicity of construction – timbers and painted wooden planks. There is very little plaster or fresco painting, the decoration is all simple trioimphe de l’oile on the wooden planking.

Mazara0019
Mazara0018

We were then joined by a local man, Paulo, and learned about the history and culture of the Tanzanian people. We sat in a cafe and enjoyed cappuccino while he told us about himself and the intermingling of the Islamic and Catholic communities. Following the talk with Paulo we walked toward the heart of Kasbah and enjoyed a Tanzanian cous-cous lunch.

Mazara0024

Mazara0022
Isabella translating for Paolo
Isabella translating for Paolo

Returning to the hotel we had two hours personal time for siesta that I used to finally make three posts here to the journal. Dinner was at a pizzeria where had a “cooking lesson.” Having grown up in a restaurant kitchen, I enjoyed the evening, but found nothing particularly unfamiliar or challenging. The ingredients had all been prepared for us and we were supervised by professionals in making the dishes. The executive chef in charge was a very humorous showman, the food was good, and everyone in the group had a very enjoyable evening.

Mazara0038
Mazara0039
Mazara0040

I will leave you with a selection of photos from the nave and crypt of a church we stopped into — a fantastic example late Baroque verging into Rococo — and various sights around town.

Mazara0031

Mazara0033
Mazara0029
Mazara0028
Mazara0027
Mazara0032

Mazara0030

Mazara0037
Mazara0035
Mazara0013
Mazara0025
Mazara0036
Mazara0007
Mazara0026
Mazara0034

arrivederci!

Trainspotting and the Train to York

14 Thursday Nov 2013

Posted by savagemythology in Uncategorized

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

ECR Class 91, Eurostar, Gare du Nord, Paris, Thalys, travel

The International Section of Paris Gare de Nord.

The International Section of Paris Gare de Nord.

 

 

 

Thalys to Belgium, Holland and Germany

Thalys to Belgium, Holland and Germany

Eurostar behind glass.  Britain is not part of the European open borders Schengen Agreement, so there is an isolated international zone in the station in Paris

Eurostar behind glass. Britain is not part of the European open borders Schengen Agreement, so there is an isolated international zone in the station in Paris

Interesting combination of angles and lines in the security fence outside my seat at Paris Gare du Nord

Interesting combination of angles and lines in the security fence outside my seat at Paris Gare du Nord

Two of the never used "North of London" Eurostars used by SNCF on the LGV Nord to Lille

Two of the never used “North of London” Eurostars used by SNCF on the LGV Nord to Lille

In the Cafe Carriage, standing up at 300 kph

In the Cafe Carriage, standing up at 300 kph

IMAG1118

3012 brought me through the tunnel, which was long and dark.

3012 brought me through the tunnel, which was long and dark.

Between trains in London.  The tower of St. Pancras International behind me

Between trains in London. The tower of St. Pancras International behind me

The East Coast Main Line Class 91 that brought me to York

The East Coast Main Line Class 91 that brought me to York

With one of the resident undead at the Golden Fleece Pub

With one of the resident undead at the Golden Fleece Pub

My room in York

My room in York

Yorkshire Pudding with Bangers and Mash

Yorkshire Pudding with Bangers and Mash

Arc de Triomphe & Seine at Night

09 Saturday Nov 2013

Posted by savagemythology in Uncategorized

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

Arc de Triomphe, Grand Palais, Paris, Seine, travel

10 November, 2013

Finishing up the night with some pics from around the city last night.

DSCN1658

Tomb of the unknown soldier at Arc de Triomphe.  Buried following WW I.

Tomb of the unknown soldier at Arc de Triomphe. Buried following WW I.

DSCN1651 DSCN1654

Looking west from Arc de Triomphe to the modern center of La Defense.

Looking west from Arc de Triomphe to the modern center of La Defense.

Pont des Invalides

Pont des Invalides

DSCN1662 DSCN1657 DSCN1656

Grand Palais

Grand Palais

Petite Palais

Petite Palais

Petite Palais

Petite Palais

DSCN1707

Pont de Alexandre III

Pont de Alexandre III

Pont de Alexandre III

Pont de Alexandre III

Pont de Alexandre III

Pont de Alexandre III

Pont de Alexandre III

Pont de Alexandre III

DSCN1712

Empire of the Dead

09 Saturday Nov 2013

Posted by savagemythology in Uncategorized

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

Catacomb, Empire of Death, Les Catacombs, Paris, travel

DSCN1644

9 November, 2013

DSCN1596 DSCN1592

"Miners Footbath"  Underground well

“Miners Footbath” Underground well

Beneath the shops and streets, the south of Paris sits atop a network of over 200 kilometers of ancient and medieval limestone quarries. This is the ground that the stone to build Notre Dame and the city of 1000 years ago. In the late 18th century, the cemeteries in the city became a problem. The solution that was found was to dig up the bones of over 6,000,000 dead and transfer them to a section of these tunnels. Eight kilometers were walled off and consecrated to become a massive ossuary. Just over one kilometer of this is open to visit. For a history of the bones, go here – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_catacombs

DSCN1602

"Stop!  This is the Empire of the Dead!"

“Stop! This is the Empire of the Dead!”

DSCN1607 DSCN1624

I visited on Friday, and spent a couple hours in this underword. It’s hard not to contemplate life and mortality in this empire. Moved here at the turn of the 19th century, these are the remains of people who have been dead for five to ten times as long as I have been alive. It’s surreal to walk the aisles between retaining walls of femurs stacked nearly six feet high. Behind the walls the bones are piled, slowly returning to dust. It’s amazing to realize that the population of this empire of the dead is over twice that of the city above. (The metro area is much larger –12,000,000 – but the city of Paris proper is 2,500,000.) I am reminded of a shirt I saw many years ago, “It’s not that life’s too short, but that you’re dead for so long.”

DSCN1637 DSCN1628

Remember now thy Creator in the days of youth as well as before the time of trouble

Remember now thy Creator in the days of youth as well as
before the time of trouble

DSCN1625 DSCN1615 DSCN1610

← Older posts

Subscribe

  • Entries (RSS)
  • Comments (RSS)

Archives

  • April 2016
  • March 2016
  • March 2015
  • February 2015
  • April 2014
  • March 2014
  • November 2013
  • October 2013
  • September 2013

Categories

  • Uncategorized

Meta

  • Create account
  • Log in

Blog at WordPress.com.

  • Subscribe Subscribed
    • savagemythology
    • Join 37 other subscribers
    • Already have a WordPress.com account? Log in now.
    • savagemythology
    • Subscribe Subscribed
    • Sign up
    • Log in
    • Report this content
    • View site in Reader
    • Manage subscriptions
    • Collapse this bar
 

Loading Comments...